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<title>ftpasswd: tool for ProFTPD's AuthUserFile, AuthGroupFile, UserPassword </title>
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<h2><b><code>ftpasswd</code>: tool for ProFTPD's <code>AuthUserFile</code>, <code>AuthGroupFile</code>, <code>UserPassword</code></b></h2>
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<p>
This program is used to create and manage files, correctly formatted, suitable
for use with ProFTPD's <a href="http://www.proftpd.org/docs/configuration.html#AuthUserFile"><code>AuthUserFile</code></a> and <a href="http://www.proftpd.org/docs/configuration.html#AuthGroupFile"><code>AuthGroupFile</code></a>
configuration directives.  It can also generate password hashes for ProFTPD's
<a href="http://www.proftpd.org/docs/configuration.html#UserPassword"><code>UserPassword</code></a> directive.

<p>
The most current version of <code>ftpasswd</code> is distributed with the
ProFTPD source code.

<h2>Author</h2>
<p>
Please contact TJ Saunders <tj <i>at</i> castaglia.org> with any
questions, concerns, or suggestions regarding this program.

<p>
<hr><br>
<h2><a name="Usage">Usage</a></h2>
The following describes the common usage of the <code>ftpasswd</code> tool.
The options supported are described in more detail
<a href="#Options">later</a>.

<p>
This script is intended to replace the <code>genuser.pl</code> script that
is currently distributed with <code>proftpd</code>.  That script can
generate DES-hashed passwords, suitable for use with the <a href="http://www.proftpd.org/docs/configuration.html#UserPassword"><code>UserPassword</code></a>
configuration directive, but it is not quite right for
<code>AuthUserFile</code>s.  Another common mistake is to use the
<code>htpasswd</code> program from Apache to create files for
<code>proftpd</code>.  Apache and ProFTPD both have the same
<code>AuthUserFile</code> and <code>AuthGroupFile</code> directives; the format
of the files used by each server is different.

<p>
<b>Creating Files</b><br>
The <code>ftpasswd</code> program can create and update files for both
<code>AuthUserFile</code> and <code>AuthGroupFile</code>.  When it is used
for the first time, the program will create the necessary file.  If that
file already exists, <code>ftpasswd</code> will update it with the new
information.

<p>
<code>ftpasswd</code> must first know what type of file to create.  Use either
the <code>--passwd</code> option (for handling <code>AuthUserFile</code>s), or
the <code>--group</code> option (for handling <code>AuthGroupFile</code>s);
this is required.

<p>
When creating an <code>AuthUserFile</code>, the following options are also
required: <code>--name</code>, <code>--uid</code>, <code>--home</code>, and
<code>--shell</code>.  This information is required by <code>proftpd</code> to
authenticate a user.  The optional parameters for an <code>AuthUserFile</code>
include <code>--gid</code> (defaults to the given <code>--uid</code> argument
when not provided) and <code>--gecos</code> (not used by <code>proftpd</code>
at all).  For example:
<pre>
  ftpasswd --passwd --name=bob --uid=1001 --home=/home/bob --shell=/bin/false
</pre>
creates an account for user <code>bob</code>.  To create a file with a name or
location other than the default (which, for <code>--passwd</code> mode is
<code>ftpd.passwd</code>), use the <code>--file</code> option.  For example, to create the alternate password file in <code>/usr/local/etc/ftpd/passwd</code>:
<pre>
  ftpasswd --passwd --file=/usr/local/etc/ftpd/passwd --name=bob --uid=1001 --home=/home/bob \
    --shell=/bin/false
</pre>

<p>
For <code>AuthGroupFile</code>s, use <code>--group</code>:
<pre>
  ftpasswd --group --name=<i>group-name</i> --gid=<i>group-id</i> --member=<i>user-member1</i>  \
    --member=<i>user-member2</i> ... --member=<i>user-memberN</i>
</pre>

<p>
The most common change to these files is made to <code>AuthUserFile</code>s, to
change a user's password.  The <code>--change-password</code> option was
provided just for this scenario:
<pre>
  ftpasswd --passwd --name=<i>user</i> --change-password
</pre>

<p>
<b>Creating Hashes</b><br>
A less common need is to generate a password hash for some user, to be used
in a <code>UserPassword</code> directive in the <code>proftpd.conf</code>.
One could generate a file using <code>--passwd</code> and then extract the
password hash from the file.  Easier, though, is to use <code>ftpasswd</code>'s
<code>--hash</code> option:
<pre>
  ftpasswd --hash
</pre>
The password will either be prompted for, or it can be given on standard in
using <code>--stdin</code>.

<p>
<b>Automated Use</b><br>
The <code>ftpasswd</code> provides a useful command-line interface to
interacting with the authentication files.  Many sites would like to be able
to remotely manipulate these files, just as <code>ftpasswd</code> does, only
using a web-based mechanism, perhaps even providing a page to users to change
their passwords, instead of requiring use of a shell.  Wrapping a shell
or Perl script around <code>ftpasswd</code> is the logical solution.

<p>
To aid such automated wrapper scripts, <code>ftpasswd</code> has two features:
its return value, and a specific option.  The program returns 0 if the
requested change was successful, and 1 if there was an error (no such
user/group, password matched system password and the
<code>--not-system-password</code> option was used, etc.).  The specific
option is <code>--stdin</code>: this allows scripts to provide a password to
<code>ftpasswd</code> without prompting for a password.  For example:
<pre>
  echo <i>passwd-variable</i> | ftpasswd <i>opts</i> --stdin
</pre>
Note that the <code>--stdin</code> option does <b>not</b> allow passwords to
be passed to the script on the command line, but on <code>stdin</code>.  This
is done as a security measure: the standard Unix <code>ps</code> command can
be used to show all the processes running on a system <i>including their
command line parameters</i>.  This means that any user could use
<code>ps</code> to watch passwords given to <code>ftpasswd</code>, if those
passwords were to be passed on the command line.  Some operating systems
(<i>e.g.</i> FreeBSD) allow the sysadmin to prevent users from seeing all
processes in this manner; consult your operating system documentation for
more information.

<p>
There are other issues that arise when using <code>AuthUserFile</code>s.
This <a href="http://www.castaglia.org/proftpd/doc/contrib/ProFTPD-mini-HOWTO-AuthFiles.html">document</a> discusses these issues in greater detail.

<p>
<hr><br>
<h2><a name="Options">Options</a></h2>
The following is the output from running <code>ftpasswd --help</code>:
<pre>
usage: ftpasswd [--help] [--hash|--group|--passwd]

  REQUIRED: --passwd, --group, or --hash.  These specify whether ftpasswd is to
  operate on a passwd(5) format file, on a group(5) format file, or simply
  to generate a password hash, respectively.

  If used with --passwd, ftpasswd creates a file in the passwd(5) format,
  suitable for use with proftpd's AuthUserFile configuration directive.
  You will be prompted for the password to use of the user, which will be
  encrypted, and written out as the encrypted string.  New entries are
  appended to the file by default.
 
  By default, using --passwd will write output to "./ftpd.passwd".

  Error exit values:

  To make it easier for wrapper scripts to interact with ftpasswd, ftpasswd
  will exit with the following error values for the reasons described:

    1       no such user
    2       password matches current password
    4       password matches system password
    8       relative path given for home directory

  Options:

    --file      Write output to specified file, rather than "./ftpd.passwd"

    -F          If the file to be used already exists, delete it and write a
    --force     new one.  By default, new entries will be appended to the file.

    --gecos     Descriptive string for the given user (usually the user's
                full name).

    --gid       Primary group ID for this user (optional, will default to
                given --uid value if absent)

    -h          Displays this message
    --help

    --home      Home directory for the user (required)

    --des       Use the DES algorithm for encrypting passwords.  The default
                is the SHA256 algorithm.

    --md5       Use the MD5 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --name      Name of the user account (required).  If the name does not
                exist in the specified output-file, an entry will be created
                for her.  Otherwise, the given fields will be updated.

    --shell     Shell for the user (required).  Recommended: /bin/false

    --uid       Numerical user ID (required)

    --change-home

                Update only the home directory field for a user.  This option
                requires that the --name and --passwd options be used, but no
                others.

    --change-password

                Update only the password field for a user.  This option
                requires that the --name and --passwd options be used, but no
                others.  This also double-checks the given password against
                the user's current password in the existing passwd file, and
                requests that a new password be given if the entered password
                is the same as the current password.

    --delete-user
 
                Remove the entry for the given user name from the file.

    -l          Lock the password of the named account.  This option disables a
    --lock      password by changing it to a value which matches no possible
                encrypted value (it adds a '!' at the beginning of the
                password).

    --not-previous-password

                Double-checks the given password against the previous password
                for the user, and requests that a new password be given if
                the entered password is the same as the previous password.

    --not-system-password

                Double-checks the given password against the system password
                for the user, and requests that a new password be given if
                the entered password is the same as the system password.  This
                helps to enforce different passwords for different types of
                access.

    --sha256    Use the SHA-256 algorithm for encrypting passwords. This is the
                default.

    --sha512    Use the SHA-512 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --stdin
                Read the password directly from standard in rather than
                prompting for it.  This is useful for writing scripts that
                automate use of ftpasswd.

    -u          Unlock the password of the named account.  This option
    --unlock    re-enables a password by changing the password back to its
                previous value (to the value before using the -l option).

    --use-cracklib
                Causes ftpasswd to use Alec Muffet's cracklib routines in
                order to determine and prevent the use of bad or weak
                passwords.  The optional path to this option specifies
                the path to the dictionary files to use -- default path
                is "/usr/lib/cracklib_dict".  This requires the Perl
                Crypt::Cracklib module to be installed on your system.

    --version
                Displays the version of ftpasswd.

  If used with --group, ftpasswd creates a file in the group(5) format,
  suitable for use with proftpd's AuthGroupFile configuration directive.

  By default, using --group will write output to "./ftpd.group".

  Options:

    --add-member

                Add the named member to the given group name from the file.
                Example:

        $ ftpasswd --group --file=... --name=ftpd --add-member=bob

    --delete-group

                Remove the entry for the given group name from the file.

    --delete-member

                Remove the named member from the given group name from the file.
                Example:

        $ ftpasswd --group --file=... --name=ftpd --delete-member=bob

    --enable-group-passwd

                Prompt for a group password.  This is disabled by default,
                as group passwords are not usually a good idea at all.

    --file      Write output to specified file, rather than "./ftpd.group"

    -F          If the file be used already exists, delete it and write a new
    --force     one.  By default, new entries will be appended to the file.

    --gid       Numerical group ID (required)

    -h
    --help      Displays this message

    -m
    --member    User to be a member of the group.  This argument may be used
                multiple times to specify the full list of users to be members
                of this group.

    --des       Use the DES algorithm for encrypting passwords.  The default
                is the MD5 algorithm.

    --md5       Use the MD5 algorithm for encrypting passwords.  This is the
                default.

    --name      Name of the group (required).  If the name does not exist in
                the specified output-file, an entry will be created for them.
                Otherwise, the given fields will be updated.

    --sha256    Use the SHA-256 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --sha512    Use the SHA-512 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --stdin
                Read the password directly from standard in rather than
                prompting for it.  This is useful for writing scripts that
                automate use of ftpasswd.

    --use-cracklib
                Causes ftpasswd to use Alec Muffet's cracklib routines in
                order to determine and prevent the use of bad or weak
                passwords.  The optional path to this option specifies
                the path to the dictionary files to use -- default path
                is "/usr/lib/cracklib_dict".  This requires the Perl
                Crypt::Cracklib module to be installed on your system.

    --version
                Displays the version of ftpasswd.

  If used with --hash, ftpasswd generates a hash of a password, as would
  appear in an AuthUserFile.  The hash is written to standard out.
  This hash is suitable for use with proftpd's UserPassword directive.

  Options:

    --des       Use the DES algorithm for encrypting passwords.  The default
                is the MD5 algorithm.

    --md5       Use the MD5 algorithm for encrypting passwords.  This is the
                default.

    --sha256    Use the SHA-256 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --sha512    Use the SHA-512 algorithm for encrypting passwords.

    --stdin
                Read the password directly from standard in rather than
                prompting for it.  This is useful for writing scripts that
                automate use of ftpasswd.

    --use-cracklib
                Causes ftpasswd to use Alec Muffet's cracklib routines in
                order to determine and prevent the use of bad or weak
                passwords.  The optional path to this option specifies
                the path to the dictionary files to use -- default path
                is "/usr/lib/cracklib_dict".  This requires the Perl
                Crypt::Cracklib module to be installed on your system.
</pre>

<p><a name="FAQ">
<b>Frequently Asked Questions</b><br>
<font color=red>Question</font>: I'm trying to use <code>ftpasswd</code>, but
it fails with this error:
<pre>
  env: perl: No such file or directory
</pre>
<font color=blue>Answer</font>: <code>ftpasswd</code> is a Perl script; it
requires that Perl be installed in order to run.  The above error message
indicates that a <code>perl</code> executable cannot be found; you will
need to install Perl.

<p>
<hr>
<font size=2><b><i>
© Copyright 2000-2021 TJ Saunders<br>
 All Rights Reserved<br>
</i></b></font>
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